Contoh topik utama bidang ini meliputi basis data untuk:
- Mengelola informasi biologis,
- Penyejajaran sekuens (sequence alignment),
- Prediksi struktur untuk meramalkan bentuk struktur protein maupun struktur sekunder RNA,
- Analisis filogenetik, dan
- Analisis ekspresi gen.
Bioinformatika merupakan ilmu terapan yang lahir dari perkembangan teknologi informasi dibidang molekular. Pembahasan dibidang bioinformatika ini tidak terlepas dari perkembangan biologi molekular modern, salah satunya peningkatan pemahaman manusia dalam bidang genomic yang terdapat dalam molekul DNA.
Bioinformatika dilatarbelakangi oleh kemajuan bioteknologi dan teknologi informasi. Paling utama karena ledakan data (data explosion) observasi biologi sebagai hasil yang dicapai dari kemajuan bioteknologi. Contohnya adalah pertumbuhan pesat database DNA pada GenBank. GenBank adalah database utama dalam biologi molekuler, yang dikelola oleh NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) di AS. Kemampuan untuk memahami dan memanipulasi kode genetik DNA ini sangat didukung oleh teknologi informasi melalui perkembangan hardware dan software. Baik pihak pabrikan sofware dan hardware maupun pihak ketiga dalam produksi perangkat lunak. Salah satu contohnya dapat dilihat pada upaya Celera Genomics, perusahaan bioteknologi Amerika Serikat yang melakukan pembacaan sekuen genom manusia yang secara maksimal memanfaatkan teknologi informasi sehingga bisa melakukan pekerjaannya dalam waktu yang singkat (hanya beberapa tahun).
Perkembangan teknologi DNA rekombinan memainkan peranan penting dalam lahirnya bioinformatika. Teknologi DNA rekombinan memunculkan suatu pengetahuan baru dalam rekayasa genetika organisme yang dikenal dengan bioteknologi. Perkembangan bioteknologi dari bioteknologi tradisional ke bioteknologi modern salah satunya ditandai dengan kemampuan manusia dalam melakukan analisis DNA organisme, sekuensing DNA dan manipulasi DNA. Kemajuan ilmu Bioinformatika ini lebih didesak lagi oleh genome project yang dilaksanakan di seluruh dunia dan menghasilkan tumpukan informasi gen dari berbagai makhluk hidup, mulai dari makhluk hidup tingkat rendah sampai makhluk hidup tingkat tinggi.
Referensi:
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics
http://bioinformatika-q.blogspot.com
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